Damper with integrated blade stop

ABSTRACT

A damper comprises a generally rectangular frame extending between opposed open faces and defining an airflow region. One or more damper blades comprises a substantially air-impermeable vane pivotally mounted between the sides of the frame and pivotable between an open position and a closed position. In the closed position an edge of the adjacent blade abuts a blade stop surface formed along each end, such that in the closed position one edge of the blade adjacent to each end of the frame extends into a recess and abuts the blade stop surface, to prevent air from flowing between the blade and the end of the frame. In the preferred embodiments the blade stop surfaces are integrally formed in each end panel.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to airflow dampers. In particular, this inventionrelates to dampers having one or more damper blades for closing off anairflow channel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Dampers are widely used in various industrial and commercial heating,ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Single andmultiple-blade dampers in particular are used to control airflow ratesin a premises, prevent backflow and restrict smoke dispersion in firesafety applications, amongst other uses.

These dampers typically comprise an outer frame sized to either fit intoa specified opening or to cover a specific opening, in variousenvironments. For example, FIG. 1 illustrates a damper mounted to or onthe wall of a plenum or HVAC unit 4; FIG. 2 illustrates a damper mountedto a duct 6 or in series with a duct 6; and FIG. 3 illustrates a dampermounted to the outlet of a blower 8. In each of these environments thedamper controls airflow because the damper blades are movable from anopen position in which air is permitted to flow through the airflowregion bounded by the interior of the damper frame, and a closedposition blocking the flow of air through the damper.

In many applications it is advantageous to securely close the damperblades so as to provide a substantially air-tight seal, for example ininsulated dampers to prevent loss of heat and in backflow dampers toprevent potentially noxious gases from flowing into a premises or otherhabitable space. Conventional dampers thus provide damper stopsextending into the interior airflow area in the path of the movement ofthe outer damper blades. This stops the damper blades at precisely theclosed position and provides a surface against which the outer damperblades abut in order to inhibit airflow between the closed damper bladesand the frame.

It is also important that the frame of a damper be structurally sound soas to retain its shape with fairly precise tolerances, otherwise leakageof air through the damper could occur. In the applications describedabove this is more than a mere inefficiency, and can result in loss oftemperature control within a premises, or hazardous levels of noxiousgases. The frame is thus constructed so to have structural integrityindependent of the structure in which it is located, to preventdeformation that might cause leaks. Thus, in a prior art multiple-bladedamper, as shown in FIG. 4, the frame is constructed from a fairly thickgauge of metal and is provided with 90 degree flanges which imparttransverses rigidity to the sides and ends of the frame.

In such conventional dampers, blade stops are formed as separate pieces,typically extrusions, and affixed to the interior of the frame at theblade stop position by, for example, spot welding or fasteners. However,since the volume and flow rate of air flowing through the damper is inpart determined by the area bounded by the interior of the frame, anystructure extending into this area impedes airflow, not only by reducingthe effective area within the frame but also by producing eddies andcurrents around the impinging structure that disrupt a laminar airflowpattern and cause additional resistance to the flow of air through thedamper.

It would accordingly be advantageous to provide a single ormultiple-blade damper comprising blade stops which do not impinge intothe airflow area within the frame. It would further be advantageous toprovide a damper comprising blade stops which assist in impartingstructural integrity to the frame.

It will be appreciated that such dampers can be mounted into a structureor onto a structure for the selective control of airflow. References inthe description to a damper mounted to a structure include all methodsand means of fixing, securing and/or mounting a damper into a structureor onto a structure, and the invention is not in any way limited by themanner in which the damper is mounted to the structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In drawings which illustrate by way of example only a preferredembodiment of the invention,

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a multiple-blade damper mounted to thewall of a plenum or HVAC unit.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a multiple-blade damper mounted to aduct.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a multiple-blade damper mounted to theoutlet of a blower.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional multiple-blade damper.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a multiple-blade damper according to theinvention.

FIG. 6A is a partly cutaway perspective view of the damper of FIG. 5with the vanes in the closed position.

FIG. 6B is a partly cutaway perspective view of the damper of FIG. 5with the vanes in the open position.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the multiple-blade damperof FIG. 5 wherein the blades rotate in the same direction.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side elevation of a further multiple-bladedamper according to the invention having wherein some blades rotate inopposite directions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides blade stops formed in the end surfaces of theframe, against which the outer blades abut in the closed position. Thus,in a damper 20 according to the invention the airflow region extendsthroughout the entire interior area of the damper frame, unimpeded byblade stops impinging into the path of the flowing air. This not onlyincreases the effective cross-sectional area through which air can flow,but also avoids the creation of eddies and currents that createadditional impediments to the free flow of air through the damper. Ablade stop projecting into the airflow region in a conventionalmulti-blade damper 2 acts like a knife edge orifice and increases thepressure drop through the damper 2. Removing this structure from theairflow region allows the airflow to move toward becoming laminar, andthus to prevent the loss of some of the airstream energy beforeegressing into an open space.

Moreover, a blade stop structure according to the invention impartsadditional rigidity to the damper frame, by providing structuresextending transversely from planar end panels along the length of theends, which resists deformation of the end panels and (depending uponthe application) potentially permits the use of a lighter gauge of framepanel without sacrificing the structural integrity of the frame.

In some situations (for example where there is a duct upstream only or aplenum upstream only) a damper according to the invention may save faninput energy when replacing a conventional damper having blade stopsprojecting into the air stream. The fan may be able to run at a lowerspeed while producing the same airflow, thereby reducing the fan'senergy requirements. This effect may be most pronounced in a damperhaving a frame width between 7″ and 12″, as compared to a damper havingblade stops impeding the airstream, and particularly so in the upper endof this size range.

The invention thus provides a damper comprising a generally rectangularframe comprising side panels adjoining opposed ends, each end comprisingan end panel extending between opposed open faces of the frame, thefaces comprising an air inlet and an air outlet, the frame having aninterior defining an airflow region extending between the open faces andbounded by the end panels and the side panels, and an exterior definedby outer limits of opposed flanges projecting outwardly generallyparallel to planes containing the open faces, an extension zone beingdefined at each end between the opposed flanges, at least one bladecomprising a substantially air-impermeable vane having a leading edgeand a trailing edge, pivotally mounted between the side panels of theframe so as to pivot between an open position in which the blade permitsa flow of air through the airflow region and a closed position in whichan edge of one of the at least one blade adjacent to each end abuts ablade stop surface formed along the respective end, to thereby prevent aflow of air between the blade and the blade stop surface, the blade stopsurfaces each projecting into the respective extension zone at aposition corresponding to the closed position of the at least one bladeto form a recess in a region of the end panel permitting the at leastone blade to abut the respective blade stop surface to thereby preventair from flowing between said blade and its associated end of the frame,and an actuator for pivoting the at least one blade between the open andclosed positions.

A damper 20 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 5, by wayof example only. The damper 20 may be mounted in many differentenvironments, for example to the wall of a plenum or HVAC unit 4, to aduct 6 or to the outlet of a blower 8 as indicated above, and theinvention is not limited to any specific environment or application.Also, while the embodiment of the damper illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 hasthree blades, the invention is advantageously implemented in any damper20 having at least one blade, regardless of the size, configuration ornumber of blades.

The damper 20 illustrated comprises a generally rectangular frame 22.The frame 22 comprises opposed sides 24, 26. Side 24 comprises a sidepanel 24 a and opposed flanges 24 b projecting outwardly, generally in aplane containing the respective front and rear faces 32, 34 of thedamper 20; and side 26 similarly comprises a side panel 26 a opposedflanges 26 b projecting outwardly generally in a plane containing therespective front and rear faces 32, 34.

The sides 24, 26 are affixed to opposed ends 28, 30 comprising flanges28 b, 34 b, and having a configuration which comprises an integratedblade stop surface as described in detail below. The sides 24, 26 may bejoined to the ends 28, 30 of the damper 20 by welding, fasteners or anyother suitable securing means.

The components of the frame 22 are formed from a suitable gauge ofmetal, preferably 0.05″ to 0.25″ (1.27 mm to 6.25 mm) aluminium or steelas is conventional, to provide a rigid frame that is not subject tosubstantial deformation when the damper 20 is in use.

The interior of the frame 22 thus defines an airflow region extendingbetween the front and rear faces 32, 34. The airflow region is boundedby the side panels 24, 26 and the end panels 28, 30, and thus has across-section defined by the open area of the faces 32, 34 and a depthdefined by the spacing between the faces 32, 34.

The frame 22 further defines an exterior, bounded by the outer limits ofthe flanges 24 b, 26 b, 28 b and 30 b. An extension zone 28′, 30′ isdefined at each respective end 28, 30. One extension zone 28′ is definedbetween the opposed flanges 28 b and surface 28 a, and extends throughthe depth of the flanges 28 b. Another extension zone 30′ is defined bythe end 30 between the opposed flanges 30 b, and extends through thedepth of the flanges 30 b. These extension zones provide a space for therespective integration of blade stops 60, 70 into each of the ends 28,30, as described below.

The frame 22 supports plurality of blades 40. As best seen in FIGS. 6Aand 6B, each blade 40 comprises a substantially air-impermeable vane 42comprising a leading edge 40′, which moves in an arcuate path toward thefront face 32 as the damper 20 is opened, and a trailing edge 40″, whichmoves in an arcuate path toward the rear face 34 as the damper 20 isopened. The blades 40 are each pivotally mounted between the sides 24,26 of the frame 22. Each blade 40 is preferably provided with a pivotrod 38 having longitudinal flat surfaces (for example, hexagonal incross-section as in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6) whichis housed in rotationally locked relation within a channel 38 a throughthe blade 40 so that the blade 40 rotates with the rod 38. The ends ofthe rods 38 extend beyond the ends of the blade 40 and are rotatablymounted through the sides 24, 26, optionally through bearings (notshown) affixed in the appropriate positions within the sides 24, 26.

An actuating mechanism 50 is provided for pivoting the multiple blades40 simultaneously between the open and closed positions, in theembodiment shown comprising link arms 52 each having one endrotationally fixed to an end of a pivot rod 38 and having its other endpivotally connected to a common actuating bar 54. Thus, when theactuating bar 54 is moved the link arms 52 pivot in unison to rotaterods 38 and, in turn, move the blades 40 toward the open or closedposition. It will be appreciated that other actuating mechanisms fordampers of this type are known, and the blades could alternatively bepivoted individually by independent actuators. The invention is notintended to be limited to any particular manner of mounting the blades40 in the damper 20 or of opening and closing the damper 20.

The blades 40 thus pivot between an open position in which the bladepermits a flow of air through the airflow region and a closed positionwherein each edge of each of the plurality of blades 40 abuts either anedge of an adjacent blade 40 or the blade stop surface provided by oneof the ends 28 or 30, forming a seal that closes the airflow region andprevents the flow of air through the damper 20. It can thus be seen thatthe blade stop surfaces 68, 78 are in general alignment with the pivotpoint of each blade 40, so that adjacent edges of adjacent bladescontact each other as the outermost edges of the blades 40 respectivelycontact the blade stop surfaces 68, 78.

Each blade 40 preferably comprises at least one seal for closing theairflow region. In the embodiment illustrated each of the leading andtrailing edges 40′, 40″ of each blade is provided with a seal 41, forexample a compressible bulb-type seal as is commonly used inweather-stripping applications formed from silicone or a rubberelastomer, mounted to a channel or flute 42′ extending along the lengthof the vane 42 near each edge 40′ and 40″. The flute 42′ is preferablydisposed at a slight angle relative to the vane 42, so that as the edgeof a blade 40 closes the seal 41 is depressed between either the blade40 and the adjacent blade 40 or between either the blade 40 and a bladestop surface 60 or 70 as described below. A similar seal 41 is providedalong each of the blade stop surfaces 60, 70. The seals 41 arepreferably positioned such that when the blade 40 is in the closedposition a dead air space 41′ is formed between adjacent seals, as bestseen in FIG. 7. Each point of contact between a blade 40 and an adjacentblade 40 or blade stop surface is thus sealed against air flowing aroundthe edges of the blade 40, blocking the passage of air and resistingheat transfer caused by a thermal differential between the front andrear faces of the damper 20.

For example, in the damper 20 illustrated in FIG. 7, the three blades 40a, 40 b and 40 c are illustrated in the closed position. The leadingedge 40′ of blade 40 a abuts the blade stop surface 68 formed in the end28, and the trailing edge 40″ of blade 40 a overlaps and abuts theleading edge 40′ of the blade 40 b. The trailing edge 40″ of the blade40 b overlaps and abuts the leading edge 40′ of blade 40 c, and thetrailing edge 40″ of the blade 40 c abuts the blade stop surface 78formed in the end 30.

The end panels 28, 30 extend fully between the open front and rear faces32, 34. The end panels 28, 30 each respectively provide a blade stop 60,70, preferably formed integrally into the respective end panel 28, 30 ofthe frame 22. The blade stops 60, 70 each comprise a portion of therespective end panel 28, 30 that projects into the extension zone at theclosed position of the blades 40 a, 40 c, as best seen in FIG. 7.

The end panel 28 comprises a rear panel 62 coplanar with a front panel64 respectively defining the end of the rear face 34 and front face 32of the damper 20 (and thus the end of the airflow region); a curvedportion 66 extending into the extension zone 28′ and generally congruentwith the arcuate path of travel of the leading edge 40′ of the adjacentblade 40 a; and a blade stop surface 68 extending into the extensionzone 28′ and meeting the outer limit of the curved portion 66, togetherforming a recess projecting into the extension zone 28′ in a regioncorresponding to a path of travel of the leading edge 40′ of the blade40 a which abuts the blade stop 60.

Similarly, the end panel 30 comprises a rear panel 72 coplanar with afront panel 74 respectively defining the other end of the rear face 34and front face 32 of the damper 20 (and thus the other end of theairflow region); a curved portion 76 extending into the extension zone30′ and generally congruent with the arcuate path of travel of thetrailing edge 40″ of the adjacent blade 40 c; and a blade stop surface78 extending into the extension zone 30′ and meeting the outer limit ofthe curved portion 76, forming a recess projecting into the extensionzone 30′ in a region corresponding to a path of travel of the trailingedge 40′ of the blade 40 c which abuts the blade stop 70.

Accordingly, in the closed position one edge of the outermost blades 40a and 40 c (i.e. the blades adjacent to each end of the frame 22)extends into the recess formed by the respective blade stop 60 or 70, tothereby prevent air from flowing between said blade 40 and theassociated end of the frame 22, while in the open position the airflowregion is defined fully between the end panels 28, 30 without anyobstacles or occlusions as in the prior art.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7 the blade stops 60 and 70are disposed at different positions in the ends 28, 30 and orientedopposite to one another, because there is an odd number of blades 40(three in the embodiment shown) and all blades 40 rotate in the samedirection. Thus, a recess into the extension zone 28′ in front of theblades 40 is required in order to accommodate the path of travel of theleading edge 40′ of the blade 40 a, while a recess into the extensionzone 30′ behind the blades 40 is required in order to accommodate thepath of travel of the trailing edge 40″ of the blade 40 c. In otherembodiments, for example the 2-blade embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 inwhich the blades 40 counter-rotate, the blade stops 60 and 70 arerespectively disposed in the ends 28, 30 at generally the same position(behind the two blades 40) and in the same orientation, in order toaccommodate the path of travel of the trailing edges 40″ of both blades40.

Various embodiments of the present invention having been thus describedin detail by way of example, it will be apparent to those skilled in theart that variations and modifications may be made without departing fromthe invention. The invention includes all such variations andmodifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A damper comprising a generally rectangularframe comprising spaced apart side panels adjoining opposed ends of theframe, each end comprising an end panel extending between opposed openfaces of the frame, the faces comprising an air inlet and an air outlet,the frame having an interior defining an airflow region extendingbetween the open faces and bounded by the end panels and the sidepanels, and an exterior defined by outer limits of opposed flangesprojecting outwardly generally parallel to planes containing the openfaces, an extension zone extending outside of the airflow region betweenthe opposed flanges at each end from the airflow region to the outerlimits of the opposed flanges, each end panel having a front panel and arear panel defining a least a portion of the airflow region and a bladestop therebetween, the blade stop comprising a blade stop surfaceextending outwardly from one of the front panel and the rear panel andhaving a curved portion extending from the blade stop surface to theother of the front panel and the rear panel, at least one bladecomprising a substantially air-impermeable vane having a leading edgeand a trailing edge, pivotally mounted between the side panels of theframe so as to pivot between an open position in which the blade permitsa flow of air through the airflow region and a closed position in whichan edge of one of the at least one blade adjacent to each end abuts theblade stop surface formed along the respective end, to thereby prevent aflow of air between the blade and the blade stop surface, the blade stopsurfaces each projecting outwardly into the respective extension zone ata position corresponding to the closed position of the at least oneblade to form a recess in a region of the end panel permitting the atleast one blade to abut the respective blade stop surface to therebyprevent air from flowing between said blade and its associated end ofthe frame, and an actuator for pivoting the at least one blade betweenthe open and closed positions.
 2. The damper of claim 1, wherein the atleast one blade comprises a plurality of blades, wherein in the closedposition adjacent edges of adjacent blades abut one another to prevent aflow of air between blades.
 3. The damper of claim 2 wherein each bladein the plurality of blades rotates in the same direction.
 4. The damperof claim 2 wherein the at least one blade rotates in a directionopposite to a direction of rotation of at least one other blade in theplurality of blades.
 5. The damper of claim 2 wherein the blade stopsurfaces are formed integrally with the respective end panels.
 6. Thedamper of claim 1 wherein the curved portion is shaped generallycomplementary to a path of travel of the adjacent blade edge.
 7. Adamper comprising a generally rectangular frame comprising spaced apartside panels adjoining opposed ends of the frame, each end comprising anend panel extending between opposed open faces of the frame, the facescomprising an air inlet and an air outlet, the frame having an interiordefining an airflow region extending between the open faces and boundedby the end panels and the side panels, and an exterior defined by outerlimits of opposed flanges projecting outwardly generally parallel toplanes containing the open faces, an extension zone exterior the airflowregion between the opposed flanges at each end from the airflow regionand separated from the airflow region by the end panel, each end panelhaving a front panel, a rear panel and a blade stop therebetween, theblade stop comprising a blade stop surface extending outwardly from oneof the front panel and the rear panel and having a curved portionextending from the blade stop surface to the other of the front paneland the rear panel; at least one blade comprising a substantiallyair-impermeable vane having a leading edge and a trailing edge, the vanebeing pivotally mounted between an interior portion of the side panelsof the frame so as to pivot between an open position in which the vanepermits a flow of air through the airflow region and a closed positionin which one of the leading edge and the trailing edge of one of thevane adjacent to each end abuts the blade stop surface extendingoutwardly from airflow region and into the extension zone of eachrespective end, to thereby prevent a flow of air between the vane andthe blade stop surface, the blade stop surfaces each projecting into therespective extension zone at a position corresponding to the closedposition of the at least one blade to form a recess in a region of theend panel permitting the vane to abut the respective blade stop surfaceto thereby prevent air from flowing between said vane and its associatedend of the frame, and an actuator for pivoting the at least one bladebetween the open and closed positions.
 8. The damper of claim 7, whereinthe at least one blade comprises a plurality of blades, wherein in theclosed position adjacent edges of adjacent vanes abut one another toprevent a flow of air between blades.
 9. The damper of claim 8 whereinthe at least one blade rotates in a direction opposite to a direction ofrotation of at least one other blade in the plurality of blades.
 10. Thedamper of claim 8 wherein edges of the vanes comprise a seal.
 11. Thedamper of claim 10 wherein in the closed position the seals onoverlapping vane edges are spaced apart.
 12. The damper of claim 8wherein the blade stop surfaces are formed integrally with therespective end panels.
 13. The damper of claim 7 wherein the curvedportion is shaped generally complementary to a path of travel of theadjacent blade edge.